Physiology Quiz: Renal Physiology

Hi Welcome, you are about to start Physiology Quiz: Renal Physiology on October 16, 2024 below are some instructions to get you started:

This quiz is time-based, and you should assume you are in exam hall while taking the test.
You can use the Chat button to make a complaint of any error during the test.
Results will be displayed at the end of the test.
Kindly press the START QUIZ button to start.
Make sure to SUBMIT when you are done.

Best of luck, from A. A. Badmus Educonsults

Name

Department

Phone

Physiology

In the kidney, the filtrate passes through several structures on its way to becoming urine. Which of the following lists presents these structures in the correct order?

collecting duct, glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle.

proximal convoluted tubule, collecting duct, glomerulus, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule

glomerulus, collecting duct, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle.

glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct

None

Physiology

If aldosterone is present in the blood, what happens in the distal convoluted tubule?

calcium ions are reabsorbed from the filtrate.

sodium ions are reabsorbed from the filtrate.

bicarbonate ions are reabsorbed from the filtrate

sodium ions are secreted into the filtrate.

None

Physiology

_ connect the glomerular capillaries to the peritubular capillaries

Afferent arterioles

Vasa recta

Efferent arterioles

Arcuate veins

None

Physiology

Urea contributes about __ of the osmolarity of the renal medullary interstitium when the kidney is forming a maximally concentrated urine.

40%

85%

70%

87%

None

Physiology

Which material is actively reabsorbed from the filtrate in the peritubular capillaries?

Cl −

Na+

HCO3−

H2O

None

Physiology

The gradient in osmotic concentration of the interstitial fluid in the medulla of the kidney is caused by:

water diffusing out of the descending limb of the loop of Henle and aldosterone.

blood flowing through the vasa recta.

Na + and Cl − pumped out of the descending limb of the loop of Henle and urea.

Na + and Cl − pumped out of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle and urea.

None

Physiology

Under what conditions will the kidney produce concentrated urine? If:

glomerular filtration rate is slow

atrial natriuretic peptide and aldosterone are present in blood.

glomerular filtration rate is high

antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone are present in the blood.

None

Physiology

One of the following is not a function of the kidney

Gluconeogenesis

Egestion

Secretion

Regulation

None

Physiology

The net filtration pressure in the Glomerulus is

25-29mmHg

25mmHg

50mmHg

20mmHg

None

10.

Physiology

One of the following is wrong about cortical nephrons

Their tubule supplied by peritubular capillaries

They represent about 85% of all nephrons in human

They have renal corpuscle in the outer cortex

They have long loop of henle

None

11.

Physiology

Which one of the statements about the collecting ducts is true? The collecting duct absorbs:

water if antidiuretic hormone is present.

urea.

alcium if parathyroid hormone is present

sodium if atrial natriuretic hormone is NOT present

None

12.

Physiology

One of the following is wrong about cells of the collecting ducts

P cells are numerous

P cells are associated with reabsorption of water and Na+

I cells are involved in acid secretion and bicarbonate

I cells are assisted by vasopressin to reabsorb water

None

13.

Physiology

The filtration fraction is calculated by

Amount of substance filtered into Bowman space

GFR*Plasma Concentration of the substance

Volume of fluid filtered from the Bowman space into the glomeruli per day

GFR*100 divided by Renal plasma flow

None

14.

Physiology

What part of the renal tubule does NOT reabsorb water?

the juxtaglomerular apparatus

the collecting duct

the ascending limb of the loop of Henle

the ureter

None

15.

Physiology

One of the following is not a part of the filtration barrier

Peptidoglycans

Podocytes

Basement membrane

Capillary endothelium

None

16.

Physiology

What does the term “oliguria” refer to?

a daily urine production of less than 500 ml

production of less than 50 ml of urine in a day

the condition of excessive concentration of urea in the blood

a daily urine production of much more than 2 litres

None

17.

Physiology

The filtrate is different from blood plasma in that

It has no plasma proteins

It has plasma proteins

It is thicker

It is not red in color

None

18.

Physiology

Peritubular capillaries form a low pressure bed of about 8-10mmHg because

The diameter of efferent arterioles is bigger than that of efferent arterioles

It helps them to facilitate reabsorption

High pressure will favor their function

It'll help them in glomerular filtration

None

19.

Physiology

Complete the following sentence correctly. Antidiuretic hormone

stimulates our thirst

increases sodium (Na + ) excretion at the kidneys.

causes the wall of the collecting duct of the nephron to increase in permeability to water.

stimulates the adrenal glands to release aldosterone

None

20.

Physiology

The transport maximum (Tm) of glucose in women are?

450mg/min

300mg/min

375mg/min

300mg/s

None

21.

Physiology

Where are all of the glomeruli of the kidney located?

in the columns

in the cortex

in the medulla

in the pyramids

None

22.

Physiology

One way to increase the glomerular filtration rate is to dilate:

the afferent arteriole and to constrict the efferent arteriole.

the efferent arteriole and to constrict the afferent arteriole.

both the afferent arteriole and the efferent arteriole.

the efferent arteriole and to increase the permeability of the capillary endothelium.

None

23.

Physiology

The weight of both kidneys is about _ of the total body weight

0.4%

⅝

0.5%

None

24.

Physiology

The mechanism by which glucose is reabsorbed bed in Proximal convoluted service

Osmosis

Secondary Active Transport

Chromatogram

Facililated Diffusion

None

25.

Physiology

During glomerular filtration, some low molecular weight substances are not filtered because

They're bound to plasma proteins

They're very small

They're large

They're negatively charged

None

26.

Physiology

Plasma proteins are not filtered in the basement membrane of the Bowman capsule because of all of the following except?

The spaces in the basement membrane are not large enough

Presence of strong negative electrical charges in the proteoglycan component

Plasma proteins are negatively charged

Plasma proteins are too small

None

27.

Physiology

What is the term meaning the production large volume of urine?

hypouria

diuresis

anuria

oliguria

None

28.

Physiology

Which one of the following is a function of the renal system?

produce the hormone aldosterone

produce vitamin K

produce the enzyme renin

produce bile

None

29.

Physiology

The renal corpuscle is formed by

Glomerulus and renal papilla

Glomerulus and Bowman capsule

Glomerus and renal tubule

Glomerulus only

None

30.

Physiology

The renal tubule reabsorbs all of the following ions except one. Which one?

Na+

NH4+

HCO3−

Cl−

None

31.

Physiology

Which of the following statements about the structures in the loop of Henle is correct?

its descending limb is impermeable to urea

its descending limb is impermeable to water

its ascending limb is permeable to water

its ascending limb is impermeable to solutes

None

32.

Physiology

One of the following statements about countercurrent multiplier is wrong

The fluid leaving the ascending limb to the DCT is hypertonic

The continuous deposition of NaCl to the renal interstitium is called multiplier effect

The tubular fluid that enters the descending limb is isotonic

The wall of the ascending limb of LoH is impermeable to water

None

33.

Physiology

Glomerular filtration rate can be altered by all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one?

vasoconstriction of efferent arteriole

vasoconstriction of afferent arteriole

decrease in concentration of plasma proteins

constriction of renal tubule by macula densa

None

34.

Physiology

From which part of the nephron is the greatest proportion of Na + absorbed from the filtrate?

the distal convoluted tubule

the proximal convoluted tubule

the ascending limb of the loop of Henle

the collecting duct in the presence of aldosterone

None

35.

Physiology

The variant of vitamin D, secreted by the kidney is _ _ _

Calcitriol

Vitamin D2

Calcidiol

125-hydroxycholecalciferol

None

36.

Physiology

Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure is greater than the sum of the hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's space and the osmotic pressure force opposing filtration, this implied that

Net filtration pressure will be zero

Net filtration pressure will be negative

Net filtration will be positive

Net filtration pressure will be greater than glomerular capillary pressure

None

37.

Physiology

The two type of cuboidal epithelium present in the collecting ducts are

Principal cells and renal cells

Principal cells and vertebral cells

Principal cells and cuboidal cells

Principal cells and intercalated cells

None

38.

Physiology

One of the following is not part of the process involved in urine formation

Tubular diffusion

Tubular secretions

Tubular reabsorption

Glomerular filtration

None

39.

Physiology

The diameter of efferent arterioles

is greater than that of afferent arterioles

is less than that of afferent arterioles

is variable

is the same as that of afferent arterioles

None

40.

Physiology

The straight capillaries which supplies the tubules of juxtamedullary nephrons are called

Efferent arterioles

Glomerular capillaries

Peritubular capillaries

Vasa recta

None

41.

Physiology

Through which structure must the filtrate move to enter the Bowman’s capsule from the glomerulus?

The capillary endothelial wall and basement membrane

The capillary endothelial wall, basement membrane and podocytes

The capillary endothelial cell walls

The capillary endothelial wall, basement membrane, podocytes and the vasa recta

None

42.

Physiology

Given that the specific gravity of a urine sample is 1.009, which of the following statements is correct?

the patient is dehydrated

the sample contains 1.009 millimole of dissolved solutes

the sample contains 1.009 mmol/L of dissolved particles

the urine has a density of 1.009 g/ml

None

43.

Physiology

The hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman space is about

15mmHg

60mmHg

25mmHg

25-29mmHg

None

44.

Physiology

Fluid from all the nephrons leaves the kidneys as

ions

Water

Glomerular filtrate

Urine

None

45.

Physiology

The diameter of the filtration pores present in the glomerular capillary endothelium is

0.1mm

0.1cm

0.1micron

0.15micron

None

46.

Physiology

The medial border of the kidney has a conical shaped dimple called _

Bowman capsule

Hilum

Medulla

Renal pelvis

None

47.

Physiology

The blood flow to the kidneys is about 25% of the cardiac output or

625ml/min to each kidney at rest

1200ml/min to each kidney at rest

300ml/min to each kidney at rest

800ml/s to each kidney at rest

None

48.

Physiology

One of the following is wrong about afferent and afferent arterioles

The diameter of afferent arterioles is greater than that of efferent arterioles

Efferent arterioles emerge from the glomerular capillaries and subsequently give rise to the peritubular capillaries.

Afferent arterioles arise from interlobar artery

Glomerular capillaries arise from an afferent arteriole

None

49.

Physiology

Some substances are released from the peritubular capillaries to the renal tubules in a process known as

Glomerular filtration

Tubular reabsorption

Tubular diffusion

Tubular secretion

None

50.

Physiology

The kidneys produce all of the following except one. Which one?

antidiuretic hormone

the hormone erythropoietin

the vitamin calcitriol

the enzyme renin

None

Well-done. You just finished the Physiology Quiz: Renal Physiology and your results will be shown soon. A copy is also delivered to your email within 5mins. Click SUBMIT to view results.

Time's up

Time is Up!

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Call me

write to me

Social media